Safe and equitable reproductive healthcare is essential for the health, autonomy, and well-being of women of reproductive age. Reproductive health services such as family planning, antenatal and postnatal care, prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections, safe abortion services where legal, and reproductive health education play a vital role in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality and promoting gender equality. Despite global and national commitments to improving reproductive health outcomes, many women at the community level continue to experience unequal access to these essential services. This study critically examines access to reproductive healthcare by exploring the range of available services, the determinants that influence access, the barriers that persist, and possible strategies to improve service utilisation. Access to reproductive healthcare is influenced by several factors, including socioeconomic status, level of education, place of residence (rural or urban), health system capacity, cultural norms, gender relations, and policy environments. Major barriers include financial costs, long distances to health facilities, inadequate infrastructure, stigma and concerns about confidentiality, limited decision-making power among women, and negative attitudes from healthcare providers. These challenges often cause women to delay or avoid seeking necessary care. The Health Belief Model (HBM) provides the theoretical framework for this study by explaining how individual beliefs and perceptions influence healthcare-seeking behaviour. Key components of the model are perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy help explain differences in the use or non-use of reproductive health services. These beliefs are shaped by broader social and health system contexts. Overall, improving access to safe and equitable reproductive healthcare requires a comprehensive and multi-level approach. Governments and health authorities should strengthen primary healthcare systems by providing adequate human resources, essential reproductive health commodities, and quality services, particularly in underserved communities, to enhance women’s health outcomes and well-being.