Use of subsidy on fuel in Nigeria has been a contentious issue for a long time. Successive governments before President Bola Ahmed Tinubu have made frantic effort to remove subsidy on fuel but unsuccessfully. One of the critical decisions President Tinubu made as part of his inaugural messages on 29th May 2023 was to remove subsidy on fuel. However, the removal of subsidy on fuel has brought far-reaching consequences on food security. This study investigated the effect of fuel subsidy removal on food security in Nigeria. The study also assessed the effect of increased transportation costs on food distribution and accessibility across urban and rural areas, and analyzed the influence of fuel subsidy removal on the cost of agricultural produce and food availability. Using a mixed-method approach, the study combined quantitative and qualitative data to explore the multifaceted challenges and propose actionable solutions. The study found that though the removal of subsidy relieves government of fiscal burdens, it exacerbates food insecurity through increased costs of food production and distribution. The study concluded that a balanced and inclusive approach to policy reform is crucial for sustainable food security in Nigeria.