Agricultural extension services are critical for improving productivity and reducing post-harvest losses in yam production, a staple crop and key source of income in Nigeria. This study examined the extent of adoption of agricultural extension services and the challenges yam farmers face in accessing these services in Tarka Local Government Area (LGA), Benue State. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 400 yam farmers through structured interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews with extension agents and cooperative leaders. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, linear regression, and chi-square tests, while qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. Findings revealed that while some farmers adopt improved farm inputs, harvesting techniques, and storage methods, adoption is uneven due to low access to extension agents, poor infrastructure, inadequate funding, and socio-economic and behavioural constraints. Chi-square analysis confirmed a significant relationship between these challenges and adoption of extension services (χ² = 149.90, df = 4, p < 0.05), indicating that access barriers negatively affect post-harvest loss reduction. The study concludes that adoption of extension services in Tarka LGA is limited, and post-harvest losses persist among yam farmers. Recommendations include increasing the number and capacity of extension agents, providing regular training and field demonstrations, investing in rural infrastructure, and promoting participatory approaches to enhance farmers’ adoption of post-harvest technologies. These interventions are vital to improving yam productivity, reducing losses, and enhancing livelihoods in the study area.