This study examined cervical cancer screening knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceived barriers among women of reproductive age in selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kwara State, Nigeria. Guided by the Health Belief Model, the descriptive survey design was adopted. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select women aged 18-49 (200) across five purposively chosen LGAs. Data were collected using a validated self-designed questionnaire r = 0.81 and analysed using frequency counts, mean, and standard deviation.

The results revealed high awareness, with 83.1% of respondents having heard of cervical cancer and a mean knowledge score of 3.20. However, detailed knowledge remained uneven. Despite positive attitudes, actual screening practice was low; only 32.4% had ever undergone screening, often prompted by symptoms rather than prevention. Primary information sources were healthcare workers and the mass media. Significant barriers included cultural and religious beliefs (86.6%), alongside various socio-cultural and economic constraints.

The study concluded that although awareness and attitudes are relatively high, screening uptake remains poor due to persistent socio-cultural, economic, and informational barriers. The study recommends implementing comprehensive, culturally sensitive health education programs and improving healthcare worker-client relationships. Furthermore, sustained awareness campaigns utilizing both traditional and digital media are essential to enhance the uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in the region. These interventions are vital for transitioning general awareness into proactive preventive health behaviour to reduce the burden of cervical cancer.