Child labour remains a persistent challenge in many developing societies, driven by a complex interplay of socio-economic factors that compel children into premature engagement with the workforce. These factors include poverty, low parental education, unemployment, household size, and limited access to quality education. This study examined socio-economic factors and child labour in Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to determine the relationship between family size and child labour, investigate the ways in which parents’ educational status contributes to child labour and analyse the contribution of parents’ financial status to child labour in Lafia Local Government Area. The study adopted poverty theory and human capital theory. in explaining socio-economic factors affecting child labour. A descriptive survey design was adopted; questionnaire and interview guide was employed to gather data through multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), while frequency and percentages was used for the interpretations. Findings revealed that larger family sizes are correlated with higher instances of child labour. In families where economic resources are strained due to many dependents, children are often compelled to work to support the household. Parents with low or no formal education are more likely to perceive child labour as a necessary means of survival, often prioritizing immediate economic contributions over their children's education. The study concluded that socio-economic factors affects child labour in Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Therefore the study recommended that the need for government to develop and promote access to family planning services to help families make informed decisions about the number of children they have. Government should develop economic assistance programmes, such as conditional cash transfers, that provide financial support to families contingent on keeping children in school.